Meet the Māori: proud traditions and vibrant culture

Credit: Tourism New Zealand

Join us as we journey to Aotearoa, delving into the fascinating history and proud traditions of the Māori people, where the power of nature, spirituality, and kindness take centre stage.

From dramatic mountains and lush valleys to rushing rivers and endless coastlines – New Zealand beckons with breathtaking landscapes that promise unforgettable moments.

But it’s not only the landscape that captivates. The country’s rich heritage, particularly the Māori culture, transforms a tour to the Land of the Long White Cloud into an experience like no other.

The Māori people – the original inhabitants of New Zealand

The Māori are the indigenous people of New Zealand.

They arrived in New Zealand between the years 1250 and 1300, making their home in the country for over 800 years. According to legend, the land was discovered by a fisherman named Kupe. He set out from Hawaiki – the mythical Polynesian homeland – in pursuit of a giant octopus. On his perilous voyage, Kupe followed a long white cloud which eventually led him to these shores, giving the country its Māori name: Aotearoa, “the Land of the Long White Cloud”.

Until the mid-17th century, the people of Aotearoa – who would later become known as the Māori – lived in peace. It was not until 1642 that the first European, the Dutchman Abel Tasman, arrived in New Zealand. This marked the beginning of a period of growing European influence, leading to New Zealand coming under British rule in 1840 following the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi. The treaty, intended to protect Māori rights, was unfortunately often breached in practice, resulting in the marginalisation of the original inhabitants.

Today, however, the treaty plays a central role in recognising the Māori people’s place within New Zealand society. Māori culture continues to profoundly shape New Zealand’s national identity, not only for the nearly 20% who are of Māori descent, but as an integral part of the country’s culture and sense of self.

What are the core values of the Māori people?

The Māori people see themselves as part of a greater whole, where people, the environment, and spiritual forces are deeply interconnected. Their worldview and way of life are therefore anchored in a profound respect for nature and the community.

This worldview is clearly reflected in three key principles:

• Whanaungatanga: highlighting the importance of building and sustaining relationships through collaboration and shared actions, whether with family, friends, or the wider community.
• Kaitiakitanga: expressing the idea that we have a responsibility for the environment and a duty to protect nature, ensuring it is preserved for future generations.
• Manaakitanga: focusing on meeting others with genuine hospitality, dignity, and care — whether they are family, friends, or even strangers.

By following these principles, the Maori strengthen their connections with one another, with others, and with the natural world — something that is essential for living a life of balance and harmony.

Which Maori traditions can you experience in New Zealand?

The Maori are a people rich in tradition, with a wealth of customs and rituals that are still proudly observed to this day.

But which of these traditions might you be fortunate enough to witness up close when visiting New Zealand’s indigenous people?

Pōwhiri – a ceremonial welcome

The hospitality for which the Maori are renowned is especially evident during a pōwhiri, a traditional welcoming ceremony.

The ceremony can include speeches, dances, and songs, as well as the distinctive greeting known as the hongi, where two people press their foreheads and noses together. The pōwhiri is traditionally concluded by sharing a meal together.

Pōwhiri usually takes place in a marae, a sacred gathering place. However, the ceremony can also be performed anywhere a host wishes to formally welcome a group of visitors.

Te reo Māori – the language of the Māori people

One of the most treasured cultural riches preserved by the Māori people is their mother tongue, te reo Māori.

During British colonisation of New Zealand, the language suffered a decline, as English quickly became the dominant language – not only in politics and trade, but also within the education system, where the use of te reo Māori was discouraged and, in some cases, outright banned.

Fortunately, times have changed for the better. Today, te reo Māori is one of New Zealand’s three official languages, alongside English and sign language, and is spoken by more than 200,000 people. You’ll hear and see it in many places, including in the media, on public signs, and within New Zealand English itself, as Māori words are increasingly woven into everyday language.

If you’re planning a tour to New Zealand, why not get a head start and practise a few key phrases, such as “kia ora” (which can mean both hello and thank you) or “mōrena” (which means good morning).

Haka – powerful war dances

The haka is a deeply respected tradition. While the word “haka” can be translated as “dance”, it’s far more than a typical dance. Instead, it is a powerful ceremonial display, using strong body movements, striking facial expressions, and spirited chants to express pride, strength, and unity.

Originally, the haka was performed to motivate warriors before they went into battle. Today, this powerful war dance is performed on many other occasions as well, such as weddings, funerals, and during the traditional welcoming ceremony, pōwhiri.

The haka has even made its way into popular culture. One of the most striking examples is New Zealand’s national rugby team, the All Blacks, who are renowned for performing the haka before every match, captivating both their fans and opponents around the globe.

Ta moko – symbolic tattoos

One of the most distinctive traditions of the Māori people is undoubtedly ta moko – the name given to their black-patterned tattoos, often worn on the face.

The tattoo designs are far from random; each carries a special symbolic meaning, telling the story of the person’s ancestry, history, and achievements. The motifs are carefully chosen and crafted to reflect the individual’s status and character.

Following British colonisation of New Zealand, there was a long period during which this practice declined, as it was discouraged by the European settlers. Today, however, this art form has experienced a resurgence and is embraced as an expression of cultural pride and identity.

Waiata – songs that stir the emotions

Waiata, meaning “song”, holds a central place in Māori culture. These are far more than ordinary songs; they are powerful stories, passed down through generations.

In Māori culture, waiata are used to convey emotion, maintain a strong link with ancestors, and ensure that cultural heritage lives on. Waiata are often sung in groups and form an important part of many ceremonial occasions, such as pōwhiri (welcome rituals) and tangihanga (funeral ceremonies).

The three types of waiata

Broadly speaking, the Māori distinguish between three main types of waiata, each with its own special purpose:

• Lullabies, to comfort and soothe
• Laments, to express sorrow
• Love songs, to celebrate feelings and relationships

What unites them all is their power to carry culture, memory, and a sense of community – living stories that express the heart of Māori identity.

Where can you best experience Maori culture?

As the indigenous people of New Zealand, the Maori have left a lasting mark across the entire country, and it is impossible not to be touched by their culture during your tour. However, there are certain places where the spirit of the Maori people is especially palpable.

Rotorua – the cultural heart of the Maori people

Rotorua, beautifully situated on the North Island, is renowned for its geothermal marvels, but also for its deep connection to Maori culture. Here, the link between the forces of nature and the Maori’s spiritual heritage is clear for all to see.

On selected tours, you have the opportunity to spend an evening in a local Maori community. This offers a unique insight into the fascinating traditions and history of New Zealand’s original inhabitants, including the chance to enjoy a delicious feast prepared in the traditional hangi oven—a cultural experience that deserves a place at the top of your wish list when visiting New Zealand!

Keen to get up close to the rich cultural heritage of the Maori?

Time-honoured traditions, a captivating history, and a warm hospitality that’s hard to beat.

These are just some of the exciting experiences that await you when you visit Aotearoa, New Zealand – the land of the Maori people. With TourCompass, you’ll get the chance to discover the authentic Aotearoa, returning home with fresh insights – not only about this incredible country, but perhaps about yourself too.

Are you ready to embark on the adventure of a lifetime? Our experienced travel specialists are here to help turn your travel dreams into reality!

Kia ora!

TourCompass – From tourist to traveller